New readers missed our last two issues where we have strongly recommended you add sugar free dark chocolate coco to your therapy diet. (3 Times a day) We cited two studies in particular (plus many others) including a large long term Dutch study of men over 65 and a long term Panamanian study of over 1200 that both showed regular cocoa (no milk no sugar) cut deaths from all causes by over 50% and circulation problems particularly benefited.
For those of you into reading up on this here is a list of other research my daughter Janet sent, which I have not had time to go thru yet.
She happened across a bunch of references, regarding effects of cocoa consumptions. You may already have all these, but
it looked like a pretty good list.
References:
-
Fisher ND, Hughes M, Gerhard-Herman M, Hollenberg NK.
Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans.
J Hypertens. 2003 Dec;21(12):2281-6.
PMID: 14654748 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=14654748
Engler MB, Engler MM, Chen CY, Malloy MJ, Browne A, Chiu EY, Kwak HK,
Milbury P, Paul SM, Blumberg J, Mietus-Snyder ML.
Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and
increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Jun;23(3):197-204.
PMID: 15190043 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/23/3/197
Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Alexopoulos N, Economou E, Andreadou I,
Stefanadis C.
Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals.
Am J Hypertens. 2005 Jun;18(6):785-91.
PMID: 15925737 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=15925737
Heiss C, Kleinbongard P, Dejam A, Perre S, Schroeter H, Sies H, Kelm
M.
Acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and the reversal of
endothelial dysfunction in smokers.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Oct 4;46(7):1276-83.
PMID: 16198843 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=16198843
Grassi D, Necozione S, Lippi C, Croce G, Valeri L, Pasqualetti P,
Desideri G, Blumberg JB, Ferri C.
Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves
endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives.
Hypertension. 2005 Aug;46(2):398-405. Epub 2005 Jul 18.
PMID: 16027246 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/46/2/398
Grassi D, Lippi C, Necozione S, Desideri G, Ferri C.
Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a
significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood
pressure in healthy persons.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar;81(3):611-4.
PMID: 15755830 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/81/3/611
Actis-Goretta L, Ottaviani JI, Fraga CG.
Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity by flavanol-rich
foods.
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Jan 11;54(1):229-34.
PMID: 16390204 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=16390204
Engler MB, Engler MM.
The emerging role of flavonoid-rich cocoa and chocolate in
cardiovascular health and disease.
Nutr Rev. 2006 Mar;64(3):109-18. Review.
PMID: 16572598 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=16572598
Fisher ND, Sorond FA, Hollenberg NK.
Cocoa Flavanols and Brain Perfusion.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006 Jun;47 Suppl 2:S210-S214.
PMID: 16794460 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=16794460
Schroeter H, Heiss C, Balzer J, Kleinbongard P, Keen CL, Hollenberg
NK, Sies H, Kwik-Uribe C, Schmitz HH, Kelm M.
(-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on
vascular function in humans.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 24;103(4):1024-9. Epub 2006 Jan 17.
PMID: 16418281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/103/4/1024
Ding EL, Hutfless SM, Ding X, Girotra S.
Chocolate and prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic
review.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006 Jan 3;3:2.
PMID: 16390538 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/3/1/2
Buijsse B, Feskens EJ, Kok FJ, Kromhout D.
Cocoa intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular mortality: the
Zutphen Elderly Study.
Arch Intern Med. 2006 Feb 27;166(4):411-7.
PMID: 16505260 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=16505260
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DISCLAIMER: Any and all information and/or articles contained within this website are not meant as nor should they be taken, viewed and/or interpreted as medical advice. They are presented for your information, your education on the subject and as a guideline only. If you have any questions or need additional information, please consult your family doctor or trained medical personnel before taking any action. Information is edited by a layman from published authors and scientific reports, plus personal experience as a diabetic. If you notice any substantive errors please contact the publisher harlanjacobsen@webtv.net, put the word "Diabetes" in the subject line.
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